Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is one of the most common oral health problems affecting people of all ages. It occurs when the enamel, the outer protective layer of the teeth, is damaged by acid-producing bacteria. Left untreated, tooth decay can lead to pain, infection, and even tooth loss. Understanding the causes, prevention methods, and available treatments can help maintain a healthy and radiant smile.

What Causes Tooth Decay?

Tooth decay begins with the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria on the teeth. Here’s how it progresses:

Sugar and Carbohydrates: When you consume sugary or starchy foods, bacteria in the plaque convert these into acids.

Acid Attack: The acids attack the enamel, weakening it and causing tiny holes or cavities.

Advanced Decay: Over time, if left unchecked, the decay can reach deeper layers of the tooth, causing pain and infection.

Signs and Symptoms of Tooth Decay

Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
Visible holes or dark spots on teeth
Persistent toothache or pain
Bad breath or an unpleasant taste in the mouth

How to Prevent Tooth Decay

Brush and Floss Regularly

Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove food particles and plaque.

Limit Sugary and Acidic Foods

Reduce the consumption of candies, sodas, and acidic drinks that fuel harmful bacteria.

Stay Hydrated

Drinking water helps wash away food debris and neutralizes acids in the mouth.

Regular Dental Checkups

Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and to catch early signs of decay.

Use Dental Sealants

Sealants provide an extra layer of protection for the enamel, especially for children.

Treatment Options for Tooth Decay

If you have tooth decay, there are several treatment options depending on the severity:

Fillings: Used to restore small cavities.
Crowns: Recommended for larger decay areas.
Root Canal: Needed if decay reaches the pulp of the tooth.
Extraction: For teeth that are too damaged to save.

Maintaining good oral hygiene and seeking timely dental care can protect your teeth from decay and ensure a healthy smile for years to come.

To Know More: Tooth decay